Condensation of water vapour into water is influenced by which of the following factor/factors ? 1. Volume of air 2. Humidity 3. Temperature Select the answer using the code given below :

Condensation is the process where water vapour transforms into liquid water. This process is fundamentally influenced by the volume of air, temperature, and humidity [1]. Temperature is a primary driver as it determines the air's moisture-carrying capacity; cooling air to its dew point is the most common cause of condensation [4]. Humidity, specifically relative humidity, indicates how close the air is to saturation (100% RH), at which point excess vapour must condense [5]. Furthermore, the volume of air plays a critical role; condensation can occur when the temperature is reduced while volume remains constant, or when both volume and temperature are reduced simultaneously [2]. Since all three factors—volume, humidity, and temperature—directly govern the saturation point and the subsequent transition of vapour to liquid, they are all essential influences on the condensation process.

Sources

1. [1] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: Water in the Atmosphere > EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION > p. 86
2. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: Water in the Atmosphere > EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION > p. 87
3. [3] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 14: Climate > THE IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE > p. 132
4. [4] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 24: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle) > 24.3. Condensation > p. 329
5. [5] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 24: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle) > Relative Humidity > p. 326