A system that does NOT allow exchange of heat with its surrounding is called

In thermodynamics, an adiabatic system is defined as one that does not allow the exchange of heat with its surroundings [2]. In such a system, the boundary is thermally insulated, ensuring that heat neither enters nor leaves; consequently, any changes in the system's internal temperature are driven by internal processes such as expansion or work done, rather than external thermal transfer. This is distinct from a non-adiabatic process, where heat exchange with the environment does occur [3]. While an isolated system also prevents heat exchange, it additionally restricts the transfer of mass and work, making 'adiabatic' the specific term for the absence of heat flow [1]. In atmospheric science, adiabatic changes occur when rising air parcels expand and cool without losing heat to the surrounding air [1]. Therefore, a system with a boundary that prevents heat transfer is strictly termed an adiabatic system.

Sources

1. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 22: Vertical Distribution of Temperature > A Parcel of Rising Air > p. 297
2. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 24: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle) > Adiabatic Temperature Changes > p. 330
3. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 22: Vertical Distribution of Temperature > 22.3. Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR) > p. 296