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Q41 (NDA-II/2019) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Social reform movements

Consider the following statements related to Dayanand's idea of social reform: 1) Dayanand's reform envisaged a social order, where different castes performed functions suitable to their status determined by merit. 2) Dayanand's 'robust Vedic counterpart' challenged the masculine West that had enslaved the Aryavarta. Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

Swami Dayanand Saraswati's social reform vision was rooted in the Vedic tradition, which he considered the 'fount of all knowledge' [1]. He rejected the rigid, hereditary caste system in favor of a 'Varna' system based on merit (Karma) rather than birth. Statement 1 is correct as he envisaged a social order where functions were determined by individual merit and ability. Statement 2 is also correct; Dayanand's 'Back to the Vedas' slogan was a call for Vedic purity and revivalism as a reaction to Western influences [2][3]. His 'robust Vedic counterpart' served as a cultural and spiritual challenge to the colonial West, which he believed had enslaved the 'Aryavarta' (India) [3][5]. By promoting self-respect and self-reliance, he sought to restore the dignity of the Aryan religion against foreign rule [2][4].

Sources

  1. [1] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 13: Growth of New India Religious and Social Reform After 1858 > Swami Dayanand and Arya Samaj > p. 219
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj > p. 221
  3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj > p. 220
  4. [5] https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/psp07/chapter/swami-dayanand-saraswati-the-reformist/
  5. [4] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 13: Growth of New India Religious and Social Reform After 1858 > Swami Dayanand and Arya Samaj > p. 220
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