Which one of the following statements is correct?

Evaporation and boiling are both forms of vaporization but occur through different mechanisms. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon because it occurs only at the liquid's surface, where particles gain enough energy to break free from intermolecular forces and escape into the gaseous phase [1]. This process can happen at any temperature below the boiling point [1]. In contrast, boiling is a bulk phenomenon because it involves the entire volume of the liquid. During boiling, which occurs at a specific temperature when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure, bubbles of vapor form within the bulk of the liquid and rise to the surface [1]. While evaporation is a slow, spontaneous process, boiling is rapid and involves all molecules gaining sufficient energy to transition into the gaseous phase simultaneously throughout the liquid.

Sources

1. [1] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Particulate Nature of Matter > 7.2.2 Liquid state > p. 105