Which one of the following countries do NOT have direct access to the sea/ocean?

Armenia is a landlocked country located in the South Caucasus region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea [3]. It is bordered by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkey, and lacks any direct access to an ocean or sea. In contrast, Syria has a coastline along the Mediterranean Sea. Jordan, while nearly landlocked, possesses a strategic coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba, which provides direct access to the Red Sea [1]. Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea [2]; however, the Caspian Sea is technically a landlocked endorheic basin. In standard geographical and UPSC contexts, Armenia is the definitive landlocked nation among the choices as it lacks even an inland sea coastline like Azerbaijan or a narrow oceanic outlet like Jordan's access to the Red Sea [1][3].

Sources

1. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Armenia
2. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 9: Divergent Boundary > 9.2. The Great Rift Valley > p. 129
3. [2] https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2023/countries/armenia/