Which one of the following is a major environmental issue in eastern Canada?

Acid precipitation, commonly known as acid rain, is a major environmental issue in eastern Canada, particularly affecting regions like Nova Scotia, Southern Ontario, and Quebec [3][4]. This phenomenon occurs when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, primarily from industrial smelting and fossil fuel combustion, react with atmospheric moisture to form sulphuric and nitric acids [1]. Eastern Canada is especially vulnerable due to its proximity to industrial hubs in the United States and its own primary smelters, which contribute significantly to SO2 emissions [1]. The high acidity (pH levels often below 4.6) has led to the acidification of watersheds and lakes, causing severe damage to aquatic ecosystems and forest health [1]. While western Canada is less sensitive, eastern Canada's environment has a lower buffering capacity, making acid deposition a persistent ecological challenge despite recent emission reductions.

Sources

1. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > Acidification > p. 7
2. [4] https://www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_ne23/gtr_ne23_411.pdf
3. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > World Distribution of Acid Rain > p. 8