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When the short circuit condition occurs, the current in the circuit
Explanation
A short circuit occurs when the live and neutral wires come into direct contact, often due to damaged insulation or appliance faults [1]. This creates an abnormally low-impedance path for the current to flow. According to Ohm's Law, since the current is inversely proportional to the resistance, a drastic reduction in resistance leads to a situation where the current in the circuit abruptly and substantially increases [1]. This high peak current can generate significant heat, potentially melting fuses or damaging equipment [1]. In practical electrical systems, a short circuit is mathematically described as having near-zero impedance, which results in the highest possible current value the system can drive. Consequently, the current does not become zero or remain constant; rather, it experiences an 'abnormal current rush' or a substantial increase [1].
Sources
- [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current > 12.4 DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS > p. 205