What is the total number of chambers in the stomach of domestic animals like cattle, buffalo, goat and sheep ?

Domestic animals such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep are classified as ruminants because they undergo the process of rumination, where partially digested food is brought back to the mouth for rechewing [1][2]. These animals possess a specialized stomach consisting of four distinct chambers: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen is the largest compartment where fermentation occurs, while the reticulum is known for its honeycomb-like structure [1]. The omasum, often called the 'book' or 'manyplies', absorbs water and nutrients [1]. The abomasum is considered the 'true stomach' because it functions similarly to the stomach of monogastric animals, secreting hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to break down proteins. While some animals like camels are 'pseudoruminants' with only three compartments, true ruminants like cattle and sheep strictly have four [3].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.fao.org/4/t0690e/t0690e05.htm
2. [2] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 9: Life Processes in Animals > In a Nutshell > p. 134
3. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Evolution of Society in South India > AGRICULTURE AND CATTLE REARING > p. 70