Which of the following statements give characteristics of contact forces ? 1. It appears between an object when it is in contact with some other object 2. It satisfies the third law of motion 3. It may appear between a pair of solid and fluid Select the answer using the code given below :

Contact forces are physical forces that occur when objects interact through direct touch. All three statements provided are correct characteristics:

• Statement 1: By definition, contact forces (such as friction, normal force, and tension) only manifest when there is physical contact between the interacting objects.
• Statement 2: Contact forces obey Newton’s Third Law of Motion. For every contact force exerted by object A on object B, there is an equal and opposite contact force exerted by object B on object A (action-reaction pairs).
• Statement 3: Contact forces are not restricted to solid-to-solid interactions. They frequently occur between solids and fluids (liquids or gases). Examples include buoyant force (upthrust), viscous drag (fluid friction), and air resistance.

Since all statements accurately describe contact forces, Option D is the correct answer.