The correct answer is option 3, which states that India is currently in the stage of high birth rate and falling death rate in the demographic transition.

The demographic transition is a model that describes the transition of a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it develops. It consists of four stages.

In the first stage, option 1, both birth and death rates are high. This stage is characterized by a lack of modern healthcare and limited access to education and contraception.

Option 2, high birth rate and low death rate, represents the second stage. During this stage, improvements in healthcare, hygiene, and sanitation lead to a decrease in the death rate, while the birth rate remains high.

Option 3, the correct answer, indicates that India is currently in the third stage. In this stage, birth rates remain high, but death rates start to decline due to improvements in healthcare, education, and public health measures. This leads to a significant population increase.

Option 4, low birth rate and low death rate, is representative of the final stage of the demographic transition. In this stage, birth and death rates are both low, and the population stabilizes or even declines.

In summary, India is presently in the stage of