Option 1 explains the earthquakes of the eastern margins of Asia. This is because the eastern margins of Asia are located along the Ring of Fire, which is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. The Ring of Fire is formed due to the subduction of the Pacific plate under the neighboring continental plates, including the Asiatic plate.

Subduction is a geological process where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another plate and into the Earth`s mantle. In the case of the earthquakes along the eastern margins of Asia, the Pacific plate is subducting under the Asiatic plate. This subduction leads to the build-up of stress and energy, which is then released in the form of earthquakes.

Option 2 is incorrect because it describes the subduction of the African plate below the European plate, which is not relevant to the earthquakes in the eastern margins of Asia.

Option 3 is incorrect because it describes the subduction of the Indian plate under the Asiatic plate. While this subduction does occur further south, it does not explain the earthquakes specifically along the eastern margins of Asia.

Option 4 is incorrect because it describes the subduction of the American plate under the Pacific plate, which is not relevant