nothing in life is to be feared it is to be understood.

Nothing in life is to be feared It is only to be understood Imagine a middle aged man, not too tall yet not too short, caged behind the bars. He is thinking about the future of his nation. What kind of future lies behold that nation?, How will they achieve?, What should be done?, These kind of questions echo in his mind daily. This is Nelson Mandela, we are talking about. He had Some fear but most importantly He understood the problem in front of him.

By understanding the problem he choose a way out through Gandhian formula of peace and non-violence. Through learning from the life of Nelson Mandela, we can understand the value of not fearing from the problems but it is more important to understand them. Here the question remained is that how not to be feared and How to understand the problems coming towards us and finally How to react. These questions are valid and solutions for these can be found through learning essential values in life. Like Gandhiji gave the idea of not treating anyone as means to achieve any end. He explored on this and said that "By following good means one can achieve good ends." These ends will be free from fear, just and ethical. Adding on this, Emmanuel Kant's Idea was similar when he talked about means to the end. His categorical approach gave humanity the answers to the question of How not to be feared. At an individual level, the ideas of Gandhi and Kant works really well but when we expand our horizon and talk about fear in policy making, we have to include other's ideas too in addition to what Gandhi or Kant said. Here Amartya Sen's concept of capability approach is essential for the answer to questions pressed in the starting.

The policies should keep in mind the wellness of the individuals and strive to increase their capability to live in this world. Here understanding the problems of people will be necessary to formulate good policies. The good policies aim to increase the freedom of choice, opportunities and wellbeing of the population. As Nussbaum too added on the ideas of capabilities. He iterated that the laws, legislation, and orders should increase the thinking power, freedom of expression and collective approach. Through this approach, the society will see development in social, economic, political, and moral spheres. This can be exemplified through development of India after freedom.

It saw many excellent decisions such as during 1991 economic crisis. If during Balance of Payments crisis, India feared, we would not have reached the position we have today. It is done due to understanding of problem by then Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao. They introduced the policy of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation, through this the fear of loosing the nation was revived. And it lead to the prosperity of the nation. But more importantly it lead to prosperity due to following Gandhi's idea of Antyodaya. In this process of progress, the humanity sometime forgot to address a key element. This element is the environment we live in. Historically throughout Industrial revolution the western nations ignored the impact on the environment. This became a fear now in the term of climate change and global warming. Yes! the fear is real but fearing from fear will not yeild any solution. When Shyam Sunder Paliwal lost his daughter due to mining pollution in his village. Instead of fearing he choose to solve. He started a campaign to plant 111 trees on the auspicious day of birth of girl child in the village. Yet individual efforts will not be enough for challenges like global warming and climate change. It needs collective efforts. But first we need to understand ourselves and help others to understand the problem.

Like stewardship of time in which the idea of intergenerational equity is discussed. It says that we are not using the environment left by our ancestors but we are stealing from our future generations. Julian Steward in his concept of culture ecology highlighted the importance of environment for flourishing of the culture. The culture plays significant role in understanding fear and problems. It also gives the solutions to the fear. As it evolved, it strives more on scientific method rather than previous belief in natural forces or magic. During prehistoric times the fear of flood or lightening was understood as supernatural and started praying to resolve but due to modern understanding of geography, climatology and oceanology, the humans can predict the onset. So technology changed the perspective through which the fear was seen in past. Using this humanity can achieve a ginormous flourishing and beautiful civilisation. A civilisation including morality, ethicality, growth, development, Inclusion of all in the process and so on. Future can be a Eudaimonia as explained by Aristotle. Happiness in each corner of the civilisation. The goals of sustainable development fulfilled. No poverty, gender equality, sustainable cities, Good Health and Sanitation for all can be achieved. But to achieve this kind of Dream, we need to work, we need to understand our problems well, we need to avoid any kind of fear coming toward us. Just as Nelson Mandela did during his jail time of 28 years. We need to follow what our greatest thinkers said like Gandhiji, Kant, Aristotle and many more. We need to learn and understand sustainable technologies, economic growth while preserving humanity and moral action. Through this only we can become the Greatest of all time and achieve intergenerational and intragenerational prosperity.

It also gives the solutions to the fear. As it evolved, it strives more on scientific method rather than previous belief in natural forces or magic. During prehistoric times the fear of flood or lightening was understood as supernatural and started praying to resolve but due to modern understanding of geography, climatology and oceanology, the humans can predict the onset. So technology changed the perspective through which the fear was seen in past. Using this humanity can achieve a ginormous flourishing and beautiful civilisation. A civilisation including morality, ethicality, growth, development, Inclusion of all in the process and so on. Future can be a Eudaimonia as explained by Aristotle. Happiness in each corner of the civilisation. The goals of sustainable development fulfilled. No poverty, gender equality, sustainable cities, Good Health and Sanitation for all can be achieved. But to achieve this kind of Dream, we need to work, we need to understand our problems well, we need to avoid any kind of fear coming toward us. Just as Nelson Mandela did during his jail time of 28 years. We need to follow what our greatest thinkers said like Gandhiji, Kant, Aristotle and many more. We need to learn and understand sustainable technologies, economic growth while preserving humanity and moral action. Through this only we can become the Greatest of all time and achieve intergenerational and intragenerational prosperity.