The correct answer is option 2 - Wave. Caves, arches, stacks, and stumps are all landscape features that are formed by the action of waves on the coastlines.

Caves are hollow openings in cliffs or rock formations that are eroded by the relentless pounding of waves. These caves can vary in size and shape depending on the type of rock and the strength of the waves.

Arches, on the other hand, are formed when waves erode a cave completely through a headland or cliff, creating an opening in the shape of an arch. Over time, the arch may collapse or erode further, creating a stack or a stump.

Stacks are isolated pillars of rock that are left standing after the collapse of an arch. Stumps, on the other hand, are the remnants of stacks that have eroded over time, leaving behind short, stubby pillars.

It is important to note that while rivers can shape the landscape in various ways, they do not directly create caves, arches, stacks, or stumps. Limestone is a type of rock that is particularly susceptible to erosion by waves, so it is often associated with the formation of these coastal features.

In conclusion, these specific landscape features are associated with wave