Which one of the following is the correct chronology of invention/discovery in the field of Biotechnology?

The correct chronological order of these biotechnological milestones begins with the discovery of the Double Helical structure of DNA by Watson and Crick in 1953 [1]. This was followed by the identification and characterization of Plasmids, which are autonomously replicating extrachromosomal DNA elements, primarily during the 1960s [1]. DNA fingerprinting was subsequently developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984, providing a method for identifying individuals based on unique DNA patterns. Finally, the cloning of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell using nuclear transfer, occurred in 1996 and was published in 1997 [3]. This sequence (1953, 1960s, 1984, 1996) aligns with Option 2, reflecting the progression from structural understanding to genetic manipulation and complex organismal cloning.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/extrachromosomal-dna
2. [3] https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/36020152/CME_web_090517.pdf