Which of the following pairs of theories about origin of the Earth and their propounders is/are correctly matched ? 1. Gaseous Hypothesis : Kant 2. Binary Star Hypothesis : Russell 3. Planetesimal Hypothesis : Chamberlin Select the answer using the codes given below :

All three pairs are correctly matched based on classical theories regarding the origin of the Earth and the Solar System:

• Gaseous Hypothesis: Proposed by Immanuel Kant in 1755, it was one of the earliest evolutionary theories, suggesting the Earth formed from a rotating cloud of primordial matter.
• Binary Star Hypothesis: Proposed by H.N. Russell in 1937, this theory attempted to solve the angular momentum problem by suggesting the Sun had a companion star, and a third passing star caused the formation of planetary matter.
• Planetesimal Hypothesis: Developed by T.C. Chamberlin and F.R. Moulton in 1905, it proposed that a passing star caused the Sun to eject small solid particles (planetesimals) which eventually accreted to form planets.

Other notable theories include the Nebular Hypothesis by Laplace and the Tidal Hypothesis by Jeans and Jeffreys.