With reference to the Revolt of 1857, consider the following statements : 1. Shah Mal mobilised the people of Baraut region of Uttar Pradesh and captured the bungalow of an Englishman and converted it into a "hall of justice". 2. Gonoo was a Kol leader of the Singhbhum region of Chotanagpur. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Statement 1 is correct as Shah Mal, a rebel leader from the Jat community in Baraut, Uttar Pradesh, mobilized villagers across eighty-four villages (chaurasee des) during the 1857 Revolt [1]. He established his headquarters in an irrigation department bungalow on the banks of the Yamuna, which was converted into a "hall of justice" to resolve disputes and dispense judgments [1]. Statement 2 is also correct; Gonoo was a tribal cultivator and rebel leader who mobilized the Kol tribals in the Singhbhum region of Chotanagpur during the 1857 uprising . While the Kols had a history of rebellion dating back to the 1830s against land leasing policies [4], Gonoo emerged as a significant local leader during the 1857 phase, urging peasants and tribals to revolt against British authority .

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 7: The Revolt of 1857 > Civilians Join > p. 176
2. [2] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: REBELS AND THE RAJ > 1.3 Leaders and followers > p. 262
3. [4] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Ho and Munda Uprisings (1820-1837) > p. 157