Consider the following statements related to river terraces :
1. They are surfaces marking old valley floor or floodplain levels
2. They may be bedrock surfaces without any alluvial cover or alluvial terraces consisting of stream deposits
3. They are basically products of deposition as they result due to vertical erosion by the stream into its own depositional floodplain
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

River terraces are erosional landforms that represent former levels of a river's valley floor or floodplain. Statement 1 is correct as they mark old valley levels. Statement 2 is correct because terraces can be classified as bedrock terraces (cut into rock) or alluvial terraces (cut into stream deposits). Statement 3 is incorrect because, although they may be formed within alluvial (depositional) material, the terraces themselves are products of erosion. They result from the stream's vertical incision into its own floodplain due to factors like tectonic uplift, sea-level changes, or changes in discharge. According to NCERT Class 11 (Fundamentals of Physical Geography), river terraces are specifically classified under erosional landforms because they result from vertical erosion into the depositional floodplain.