Prithivimahadevi, Dharmamahadevi, Dandimahadevi and Valkulamahadevi, who became rulers due to the absence of a male heir, belonged to the

The Bhauma-Kara dynasty (8th–10th century CE) of ancient Odisha is unique in Indian history for the high number of female sovereigns who ruled in their own right. Due to the absence of male heirs or during succession crises, at least six queens ascended the throne as regnant monarchs. These include Tribhuvana Mahadevi I, Prithivimahadevi (also known as Tribhuvana Mahadevi II), Gauri Mahadevi, Dandi Mahadevi, Vakula Mahadevi, and Dharma Mahadevi.

Unlike many other dynasties where women ruled only as regents for minor sons, these queens assumed full imperial titles such as Paramabhattarika, Maharajadhiraja, and Paramesvari. Dandi Mahadevi was one of the most powerful among them, known for issuing numerous copper plate grants. The dynasty played a crucial role in the cultural and architectural development of Odisha before being succeeded by the Somavamsis.