In Jainism, which one of the following does not form part of tri-ratna?

In Jainism, the Tri-ratna (Three Jewels) are the three essential requirements for the liberation of the soul (Moksha). These are:

• Samyak Darshana (Right Faith/Perception): Belief in the true nature of every substance and the teachings of the Tirthankaras.
• Samyak Jnana (Right Knowledge): Correct and thorough knowledge of the universe and the self.
• Samyak Charitra (Right Conduct): Living in accordance with Jain ethical codes to stop the influx of karma.

The Panch-mahavrata (Five Great Vows)—Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, and Aparigraha—are the ethical rules followed to achieve Right Conduct. While they are fundamental to Jain practice, they are a subset of Samyak Charitra and not a separate jewel of the Tri-ratna.