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Q47 (IAS/2014) History & Culture › Culture, Literature, Religion & Philosophy › Indian philosophical schools Official Key

Which one of the following pairs does **not** form part of the six systems of Indian Philosophy?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

The six orthodox (Āstika) systems of Indian philosophy are Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, [1]and Vedanta.[3] All of these six schools accept the authority of the Vedas.[4]

Examining each option: Mimamsa and Vedanta are part of the six orthodox schools[3], making option A incorrect. Nyaya and Vaisheshika are also among the six systems[2], eliminating option B. Sankhya is one of the six classical Indian philosophical traditions, which is closely linked with Yoga[5], so option D is incorrect.

Option C mentions Lokayata and Kapalika, which are **not** part of the six orthodox systems. Lokayata (also known as Charvaka) is a heterodox (Nastika) school that rejects the Vedas, while Kapalika is a tantric tradition, not one of the classical six darshanas. Therefore, this pair does not form part of the six systems of Indian philosophy, making it the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] https://openstax.org/books/introduction-philosophy/pages/3-2-classical-indian-philosophy
  2. [2] https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/disc/disc_401.html
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Q. Which one of the following pairs does **not** form part of the six systems of Indian Philosophy? [A] Mimamsa and Vedanta [B] Nyaya and …
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10
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This is a classic 'Sitter' from the static core, despite the automated skeleton flagging it as web-heavy. The 'Shad-darshana' (Six Systems) is a fundamental classification found in every standard Ancient History or Art & Culture textbook (NCERT/CCRT). If you miss this, your static foundation is shaky.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Are Mimamsa and Vedanta two of the six systems of Indian philosophy (the Shad-darshanas)?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The six principal orthodox Hindu darshanas are Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly lists the six principal orthodox Hindu darshanas.
  • Names both Mimamsa and Vedanta among those six systems.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"We have in India the famous six systems of philosophy known as Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa and Vedanta."
Why this source?
  • States there are six famous systems of philosophy in India.
  • Specifically lists Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa and Vedanta.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The six orthodox (Āstika) schools are Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa (Purva Mimamsa), and Vedanta (Uttara Mimamsa),"
Why this source?
  • Provides an FAQ naming the six orthodox (Āstika) schools.
  • Identifies Mimamsa (Purva Mimamsa) and Vedanta (Uttara Mimamsa) as two of the six.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: India's Cultural Roots > Before we move on … > p. 122
Strength: 4/5
“• Æ The Vedas, India's earliest texts, gave rise to several schools of thought. Vedanta and Yoga are among the best known.• Æ Buddhism and Jainism departed from the authority of the Vedas and laid emphasis on some specific values and practices.• Æ Although these schools had different principles and methods, they also shared some important concepts; they were all looking for the cause of suffering and the means of removing ignorance.• Æ Tribal belief systems and art have interacted for millenniums with Hinduism. There was free borrowing and giving from every side. Tribal belief systems generally regard the land and its features as sacred; they often have, at the same time, a higher concept of divinity.”
Why relevant

Explicitly states that the Vedas gave rise to several schools of thought and names Vedanta and Yoga among the best known, indicating a recognized set of distinct philosophical schools.

How to extend

A student could take this pattern (Vedic origin → named schools) and look for other canonical lists that group such schools (e.g., lists of classical darshanas) to see if Mimamsa and Vedanta appear together.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > The Theosophical Movement > p. 233
Strength: 4/5
“A group of westerners led by Madame H.P. Blavatsky (1831- 1891) and Colonel M.S. Olcott, who were inspired by Indian thought and culture, founded the Theosophical Society in New York City, United States in 1875. In 1882, they shifted their headquarters to Adyar, on the outskirts of Madras (at that time) in India. The society believed that a special relationship could be established between a person's soul and God by contemplation, prayer, revelation, etc. It accepted the Hindu beliefs in reincarnation and karma, and drew inspiration from the philosophy of the Upanishads and samkhya, yoga and Vedanta schools of thought.”
Why relevant

Mentions that theosophical inspiration was drawn from multiple specific schools — the Upanishads, Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta — showing that Vedanta is treated as one distinct, named school alongside others.

How to extend

One could compare this set of named schools to standard enumerations of Indian philosophical systems to check whether Mimamsa is similarly listed among them.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 3: Rise of Territorial Kingdoms and New Religious Sects > Lokayata and Carvaka > p. 38
Strength: 3/5
“The term "lokayata" signifies materialist thought. Indian materialism has also been named Carvaka after one of the two founders of the school. Carvaka and Aiita Kesakambalin are said to have established Indian materialism as a formal philosophical system. Carvakas developed the concept of scepticism and believed in the pursuit of knowledge through experience. They questioned the authority of Vedas.”
Why relevant

Describes Lokayata/Carvaka as an identified, named philosophical school with specific doctrines, illustrating the practice of naming and classifying Indian philosophical systems.

How to extend

Given that named schools like Carvaka and Vedanta exist, a student could search for canonical classifications (e.g., lists of darshanas) to see which named schools are grouped into 'six systems.'

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Early India: The Chalcolithic, Megalithic, Iron Age and Vedic Cultures > Philosophy and Education > p. 30
Strength: 3/5
“The disciplines of philosophy, literature and science developed in this period. Various branches of learning such as literature, grammar, mathematics, ethics and astronomy developed. Education was limited to males. The development of Vedic texts and the importance given to pronunciation, grammar and oral transmission suggest training in utterances and memorization, as part of the Vedic system of education. Upanishads (which means to sit nearby) texts with philosophical enquiries, were composed during this period. They were also referred to as Vedanta, since they were attached as the last part of the Vedic texts.”
Why relevant

Explains that the Upanishads were referred to as Vedanta (the end of the Vedas), linking Vedanta explicitly to a textual/philosophical tradition and implying it is a distinct school.

How to extend

From Vedanta's clear distinct identity here, a student might consult standard outlines of classical Indian philosophy to verify whether Vedanta and Mimamsa are included among the principal schools.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Advent of Adi Sankara > p. 131
Strength: 3/5
“Against the background of the emerging pan-Indian need for an ideology to evolve statehood, a new doctrine was expounded by Sankara from Kaladi, Kerala, with his new doctrine of Maya (illusion) he held debates with his counterparts from different sects of religions and won over them. Fundamentally, Sankara's Advaita or non-dualism had its roots in Vedanta or Upanishadic philosophy.”
Why relevant

Describes Sankara's Advaita as rooted in Vedanta and portrays Vedanta as a major doctrinal tradition engaged in debates with other sects, reinforcing Vedanta's status as a principal school.

How to extend

A student can use this confirmation of Vedanta's centrality to compare with lists of the Shad-darshanas to test whether Mimamsa is paired with Vedanta in that canonical grouping.

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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