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Q57 (CISF/2021) Polity & Governance › Governance, Policies & Social Justice

Who among the following has/have coined the term 'Bullock Capitalists'?

Explanation

The term 'Bullock Capitalists' was coined by the political scientists Lloyd Rudolph and Susanne Rudolph in their landmark study, In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State (1987). They used this concept to identify a specific agrarian class in India—small to medium-sized landholders who are self-employed and use their own family labor and capital (symbolized by bullocks) rather than relying on large-scale mechanization or hired labor.

According to the Rudolphs, this class became a dominant political force in post-independence India, particularly during and after the Green Revolution, shifting the political center of gravity toward rural interests. Other thinkers mentioned, like Andre Gunder Frank (Dependency Theory) and Karl Marx (Class Conflict), focused on different socio-economic frameworks that do not use this specific terminology.

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