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Consider the following cities : 1. Bhatinda 2. Jamnagar 3. Mangalore Which of the above has/have oil refineries ?
Explanation
All three cities listed—Bhatinda, Jamnagar, and Mangalore—are significant hubs for oil refining in India. Bhatinda (Punjab) houses the Guru Gobind Singh Refinery, operated by HPCL-Mittal Energy Limited (HMEL) [t2][t6]. Jamnagar (Gujarat) is home to the world's largest refining complex, operated by Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), which includes both Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) units [t2][t4][t9]. Mangalore (Karnataka) hosts the Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL), a subsidiary of ONGC [t1][t2][t8]. While older records might list Bhatinda as a proposed site [t5], it has been operational for over a decade, with a capacity of approximately 11.3 MMTPA [t2]. Consequently, all three locations currently possess functional oil refineries, making option 4 the correct choice.
Sources
- [1] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1797261
- [2] https://ppac.gov.in/production/crude-processing
- [3] https://ppac.gov.in/infrastructure/installed-refinery-capacity