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Consider the following statements 1. India has 10 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). 2. The spent fuel from the PHWRs is reprocessed into plutonium. 3. All imported reactors are under the safeguards of the international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect. By 2007 (when this exam was conducted), India already had 15 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) in operation, not 10. Today, that number is even higher.
Statement 2 is correct. India's three-stage nuclear power programme operates on a closed fuel cycle. The first stage utilizes natural uranium in PHWRs. The spent fuel from these reactors is chemically reprocessed to extract Plutonium-239, which is then used to fuel the second stage (Fast Breeder Reactors).
Statement 3 is correct. As part of its nuclear separation plan and international agreements, India strictly separates its civilian and military facilities. Because foreign suppliers mandate non-proliferation terms, all imported reactors (such as those at Tarapur, Rawatbhata, and Kudankulam) are classified as civilian and placed under strict IAEA safeguards.