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Q82 (IAS/2002) Geography › World Physical Geography › Ocean circulation systems Answer Verified

Consider the following statements: 1. Ocean currents are the slow-surface movement of water in the ocean. 2. Ocean currents assist in maintaining the Earth’s heat balance. 3. Ocean currents are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds. 4. Ocean currents are affected by the configuration of the ocean. Which of these statements are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Ocean currents are not defined merely as "slow-surface" movements. While drifts are slow and shallow, streams (like the Gulf Stream) are fast-moving distinct flows of water. Additionally, ocean currents exist at great depths (deep-ocean currents), driven by density differences rather than just surface winds.

Statement 2 is correct: Ocean currents are essential for maintaining the Earth's heat balance by transporting warm water from the equator to the poles and cold water from the poles to the equator.

Statement 3 is correct: Prevailing winds (such as Trade Winds and Westerlies) are the primary driving force for surface ocean currents.

Statement 4 is correct: The shape of the coastlines and ocean basins (configuration) significantly influences the direction and speed of the currents (e.g., the shape of South America deflects the Equatorial Current).

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