Consider the following statements about sulh-i kul: 1. It means ‘absolute peace’ 2. It provided for freedom of expres¬sion to all religions and schools of thought 3. The ideal of sulh-i kul v/as imple¬mented through state policies Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

The term 'sulh-i kul' is an Arabic concept literally meaning 'absolute peace' or 'universal peace'. Propagated by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, it was a philosophy of 'peace to all' that transcended specific religious boundaries. The policy provided for freedom of expression to all religions and schools of thought, ensuring that subjects could freely practice their faith without fear of persecution. This was not merely an abstract ideal but was actively implemented through state policies. Key administrative actions included the abolition of the jizya tax, the establishment of the Ibadat Khana for interfaith dialogue, and the inclusion of diverse groups like Rajputs into the imperial administration. These measures aimed to create a socially cohesive empire where harmony and tolerance served as the foundation for governance.