Question map
Consider the following statements : Statement-I : Israel has established diplomatic relations with some Arab States. Statement-II : The 'Arab Peace Initiative' mediated by Saudi Arabia was signed by Israel and Arab League. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 3 because Statement-I is factually accurate, while Statement-II is incorrect.
Statement-I is correct: Israel has established formal diplomatic relations with several Arab nations. This began with Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994), and was expanded through the 2020 Abraham Accords, which normalized ties with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Morocco.
Statement-II is incorrect: The Arab Peace Initiative (2002) was a proposal spearheaded by Saudi Arabia and endorsed by the Arab League. It offered full normalization of relations with Israel in exchange for a full withdrawal from occupied territories and a "just solution" for Palestinian refugees. However, Israel never signed or formally accepted this initiative, citing security concerns and disagreements over the proposed borders and the right of return. Since the initiative was never a bilateral signed agreement between Israel and the Arab League, the statement is false.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis question tests the 'Status of Agreement' trap. Statement I is headline news (Abraham Accords), but Statement II is a historical detail about the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative. The trap lies in the word 'signed'āinitiatives are proposals, treaties are signed. Israel never accepted the API, let alone signed it with the entire Arab League.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Has Israel established formal diplomatic relations with any Arab states; if so, which Arab states and when were those relations established?
- Statement 2: Was the Arab Peace Initiative (2002) mediated or proposed by Saudi Arabia?
- Statement 3: Was the Arab Peace Initiative (2002) signed by Israel?
- Statement 4: Was the Arab Peace Initiative (2002) signed or formally adopted by the Arab League?
- Explicitly states that in late 2020 and early 2021 Israel established official diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain (the Abraham Accords).
- Also situates these as the first normalisation deals since earlier agreements, and gives years for earlier agreements with Egypt and Jordan.
- Gives a specific example of an Arab League member (Mauritania) that established diplomatic relations with Israel and provides the year.
- Also notes the later severing of those ties, which is relevant to which relations were established and their timing.
- States which Arab countries recognised Israel (Egypt and Jordan), supporting which formal relations exist.
- Helps identify the long-standing recognitions separate from the more recent Abraham Accords.
Describes sustained tensions and armed conflict between Israel and surrounding Arab states (1948ā1967 and after), implying that formal diplomatic relations were unlikely during those periods.
A student could use this timeline of hostility to infer that any formal relations with Arab states are more likely to have been established after these high-conflict periods.
Notes the PLO's guerrilla warfare against Israel until the 1980s and that it entered peace negotiations in the 1990s, indicating a shift from conflict to negotiation in the 1990s.
One could infer that the 1990s peace-process era is a plausible window when diplomatic recognition/relations between Israel and some Arab actors might have been established.
States that India significantly expanded military and economic collaboration with Israel after the Cold War, reflecting a postāCold War shift toward normalization of ties with Israel by some states.
A student could generalize this postāCold War normalization trend to ask whether certain Arab states also adjusted policies in the 1990sā2000s to establish formal relations with Israel.
Describes how states changed foreign-policy alignments during the Cold War and afterward, suggesting diplomatic relations evolved with global shifts.
Using that pattern, one could investigate whether geopolitical shifts enabled some Arab states to move from hostility to formal diplomatic ties with Israel.
Points out variation in Arab governments' stances (some neutral, some pro-American), indicating the Arab world was not monolithic in its relations with Israel.
A student could use this heterogeneity to look for specific Arab states (especially more neutral or pro-Western ones) as more likely candidates to have established relations with Israel.
This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
Login with Google to unlock all statements.
This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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