Consider the following statements regarding ground water in India : 1. The large scale exploitation of ground water is done with the help of tube-wells. 2. The demand for ground water started increasing with the advent of green revolution. . 3. The total replenishable ground water reserves is highest in the hilly tracts of Sikkim, Nagaland and Tripura, Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Statement 1 is correct as large-scale groundwater exploitation in India is primarily driven by tube-wells, which are highly productive in alluvial aquifers [5]. Statement 2 is correct because the Green Revolution necessitated intensive irrigation for high-yielding wheat and rice varieties, leading to a surge in groundwater demand, particularly in Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh [4]. Statement 3 is incorrect; the total replenishable groundwater reserves are highest in the Indo-Gangetic and Brahmaputra plains due to enormous reserves and high recharge from rainfall [2]. In contrast, hilly states like Sikkim, Nagaland, and Tripura have low storage capacity and lower replenishable potential due to faster runoff and geological constraints [1]. While Tripura utilizes its resources at a moderate rate, the absolute replenishable volume in these hilly tracts is significantly lower than in the alluvial plains [2].

Sources

1. [2] INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Water Resources > Groundwater Resources > p. 42
2. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > Flood Disaster Management in India > p. 64
3. [5] https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/511898/9/OR15047.pdf
4. [4] INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Water Resources > Demand of Water for Irrigation > p. 44
5. [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Ground Water Aquifer System of India > p. 33