The terms "Demand Polity" and "Command Polity" are associated with the work of Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne H. Rudolph.
These terms are used to describe different forms of political systems. A "Demand Polity" refers to a political system in which the authority is derived from the consent and demands of the people. In this system, power is decentralized and the government is accountable to the citizens.
On the other hand, a "Command Polity" refers to a political system in which the authority is centralized and the government has the power to command and control the actions of its citizens. In such a system, the government exercises a high degree of control over the economy and other aspects of society.
Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne H. Rudolph, prominent political scientists, introduced these concepts in their works on Indian politics and comparative political systems. They argued that the socio-political dynamics in different societies can be understood by analyzing the balance of power between demand-oriented and command-oriented political systems.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 3, Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne H. Rudolph.