Question map
The most important raw materials used in the manufacture of cement are
Explanation
The manufacture of cement primarily relies on three essential raw materials: limestone, clay, and gypsum. Limestone serves as the primary calcareous material, providing calcium carbonate which is the cornerstone of cement production [1]. Clay (or shale) acts as the argillaceous component, supplying necessary silica, alumina, and iron oxides. These materials are crushed and heated in a rotary kiln at temperatures between 1400-1600°C to form cement clinker. Finally, approximately 2-5% gypsum (hydrous calcium sulphate) is added during the grinding process to act as a retarder, controlling the setting time of the cement [2]. Other options like potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulphur are components of gunpowder, while sodium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing, making option 2 the only accurate description of cement's core constituents.
Sources
- [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 7: Resources > Natural Resources of India > p. 24
- [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 13: Types of Rocks & Rock Cycle > 13.5. Some Rock-Forming Minerals > p. 175