Phreatophytes are the plants that are adapted to grow in arid environments. Arid environments are characterized by low rainfall and limited availability of water. These plants have developed specialized adaptations to survive in such challenging conditions. One of the key adaptations of phreatophytes is their ability to extend their roots deep into the ground to tap into underground water sources, such as groundwater or aquifers. This allows them to access water even when surface water is scarce. Additionally, phreatophytes typically have small, thick leaves or needle-like leaves to minimize water loss through transpiration. Some examples of phreatophytes include desert shrubs, cacti, and certain grasses.

Alert - correct answer should be 1. Phreatophytes are actually adapted to grow in moist shaded places, not arid environments. They are typically found in areas with high water tables or near bodies of water. These plants have adaptations that allow them to withstand fluctuating water levels, such as extensive root systems and water-storing tissues. Examples of phreatophytes include willows, poplars, and some ferns.