Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus, a common disease in adults ? I. Higher sugar level in blood II. Lower sugar level in blood III. Lower insulin level in blood IV. Higher insulin level in blood Select the correct answer by using the codes given below : Codes :

Diabetes mellitus is characterized principally by elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) resulting from inadequate insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. A deficiency or improper secretion of insulin causes blood sugar to rise, so “higher sugar level in blood” is a defining feature [2]. Because insufficient insulin production (or ineffective insulin) underlies this hyperglycemia, a “lower insulin level in blood” is commonly associated, especially in insulin-deficient forms of diabetes. Conversely, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is not a typical feature of untreated diabetes (it occurs mainly as a complication of excess insulin or some medications), and persistently high insulin is not the primary cause of diabetes, though compensatory hyperinsulinemia may occur in early insulin resistance. Hence I and III are correct.

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Control and Coordination > Do You Know? > p. 110
2. [2] https://ayushportal.nic.in/pdf/Guidelines_for_prevention_and_management_of_Diabetes.pdf