Which of the following are included in the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? 1. A dispute between the Government of India and one or more States 2. A dispute regarding elections to either House of the Parliament or that of Legislature of a State 3. A dispute between the Government of India and a Union Territory Select given below:

Under Article 131 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court possesses exclusive original jurisdiction over federal disputes [1]. This includes disputes between the Government of India and one or more States, or between two or more States [1]. Statement 1 is therefore correct. Regarding statement 2, election disputes for Parliament or State Legislatures are triable by High Courts, with the Supreme Court holding appellate jurisdiction, not original jurisdiction [2]. Regarding statement 3, the original jurisdiction under Article 131 does not extend to disputes involving Union Territories; it is strictly limited to disputes between the Union and States or among States [1]. While the question options provided (1 and 4, 3 and 4) seem to contain a numbering error relative to the statements (1, 2, 3), based on the factual correctness of the statements, only statement 1 is a valid part of the original jurisdiction under Article 131.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: JUDICIARY > Original Jurisdiction > p. 132
2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 80: Elections > ELECTORAL SYSTEM > p. 573