Which of the following is the main characteristic of Mediterranean climate?

The main characteristic of the Mediterranean climate is the concentration of rainfall during the winter season [2]. This climatic type is unique because it features a seasonal shift in wind belts; during the winter, the on-shore Westerlies move equatorwards, bringing cyclonic rain from the oceans to the western margins of continents [3]. Conversely, summers are dominated by off-shore Trade Winds or high-pressure systems, resulting in hot, dry conditions with practically no rain [2]. This 'winter-wet, summer-dry' pattern is the most outstanding feature of the Mediterranean climate, distinguishing it from other regions that typically experience summer rainfall or precipitation throughout the year [1]. While temperatures are generally mild to warm, the distinct seasonality of precipitation—specifically the winter rain—is its defining geographical trait [2].

Sources

1. [1] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 19: The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate > Climate > p. 182
2. [2] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 19: The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate > Fis.19.3(b) > p. 183
3. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Distribution > p. 448