Question map
Which of the following movements address both sociological and ecological issues ? 1. The Trade Union movements in post- colonial India 2. Narmada Bachao Andolan 3. Jai Prakash Narains movement for total revolution 4. Chilka Bachao Andolan Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) and Chilka Bachao Andolan are quintessential examples of movements addressing both sociological and ecological issues. The NBA emerged as a social movement involving Adivasis, farmers, and environmentalists [t4]. It challenged large-scale development projects that prioritized economic growth over human rights and environmental sustainability [t3]. Sociologically, it addressed the mass displacement of nearly a million people and the loss of tribal livelihoods [t2][t5]. Ecologically, it highlighted the destruction of forest habitats, loss of biodiversity, and alteration of river ecosystems [t2][t3]. Similarly, the Chilka Bachao Andolan was a struggle by local fishing communities against intensive commercial prawn farming, addressing the ecological degradation of the lagoon and the sociological threat to traditional livelihoods. In contrast, Trade Union movements primarily focus on labor rights, and the Total Revolution movement was a political-social movement against corruption and for democratic reform, lacking a core ecological mandate.