Which of the following organelles of a cell is/ are involved in photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the biochemical process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into energy-rich organic material like glucose [3]. The primary organelle responsible for this process is the chloroplast [1]. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which captures light energy to drive photochemistry [2]. The process occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes, and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle), which occur in the stroma. While mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration to release energy from glucose, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies are involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport, they are not the sites of photosynthesis [4]. Thus, only the chloroplast is the specialized organelle for photosynthetic activity in plant cells [t1][t2].

Sources

1. [2] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY > Photosynthesis and respiration > p. 15
2. [3] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: Life Processes in Plants > 10.2.2 Role of air in the preparation of food > p. 144
3. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Life Processes > QUESTIONS > p. 82
4. [4] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > A step further > p. 13