Which of the following statements about the Bhakti movement is/are correct ? 1. The Bhakti movement evolved as a homogeneous movement. 2. The Bhakti movement helped to bridge the gulf between Hinduism and Islam. 3. The Bhakti movement rcscued Hinduism from the challenges of its own complexities. Select the correct answer using the code given below ;

The Bhakti movement was not a homogeneous movement; it was characterized by diverse regional varieties, including the Saguna and Nirguna traditions, and various sects like the Alvars and Nayanars [2]. Statement 1 is therefore incorrect. Statement 2 is correct as the movement, alongside Sufism, fostered cultural syncretism and mutual respect, helping to bridge the religious gulf between Hinduism and Islam [4]. Statement 3 is also correct; the movement rescued Hinduism from its own complexities by emphasizing personal devotion (Bhakti) over rigid rituals, dogmas, and caste hierarchies, making spirituality accessible to all regardless of social status. By simplifying the path to the divine and challenging orthodox Vedic authority, it revitalized the faith during a period of significant social and religious challenge [4].

Sources

1. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India > Introduction > p. 191
2. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India > 13.3 Impact of Sufism > p. 192
3. [4] https://www.saet.ac.uk/Hinduism/Bhakti