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Q96 (CDS-II/2015) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Social reform movements Answer Verified

Which of the following statements about Jyotirao Phule’s Satyashodhak Samaj Movement in Maharashtra is/are true? 1. The Satyashodhak Samaj was set up in 187 3. 2. Phule argued that Brahmins were the progeny of ‘alien’ Aryans. 3. Phule’s focus on the Kunbi peasantry in the 1880s and 1890s led to a privileging of Maratha identity. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

Jyotirao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 to challenge Brahminical supremacy and advocate for the rights of lower castes [2]. Phule proposed a radical reinterpretation of Indian history, arguing that Brahmins were the descendants of 'alien' Aryans who had conquered the indigenous 'sons of the soil'. This ideological framework aimed to unite Shudras and Ati-Shudras against caste oppression. In the 1880s and 1890s, Phule’s focus shifted significantly toward the Kunbi peasantry, as seen in his work 'Shetkaryaca Asud' (1883) [2]. This mobilization of the rural masses and the reinterpretation of popular culture—such as using the symbol of Raja Bali—helped bridge the gap between various non-Brahmin groups, ultimately leading to a privileging of a broader Maratha-Kunbi identity in the late 19th-century social and political landscape of Maharashtra [1].

Sources

  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Satyashodhak Samaj and Jyotiba or Jyotirao Phule > p. 215
  2. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > Satya Shodhak Samaj 19.2 (1873) > p. 302
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