Question map
Which of the following statements regarding Chipko Movement is/are correct ? 1. Chipko Movement took place in the early 1970s against the introduction of commercial forestry. 2. Chipko refers to a single movement and not a collective of several movements, 3. Chipko did not begin as a movement for conservation but primarily as an economic struggle, the root of which lay in rural and peasant protests. Select the correct answer using the code given below ;
Explanation
The Chipko movement emerged in the early 1970s (specifically 1973 in Mandal) as a protest against commercial logging and government policies favoring industrial felling over local needs [t2][t7]. Statement 1 is correct as it targeted commercial forestry [t1]. Statement 2 is incorrect because Chipko was not a single monolithic movement; it was a decentralized collective of several autonomous local protests led by different groups like the DGSM in Chamoli, Sunderlal Bahuguna in Garhwal, and the USV in Kumaon [t1][t7]. Statement 3 is correct as the movement originated as an economic struggle for forest rights and rural livelihoods [t1][t6]. Villagers initially protested being denied wood for agricultural tools while commercial permits were granted to sports goods manufacturers [t7]. It evolved from a peasant movement into a broader ecological and ecofeminist struggle [t1][t2].
Sources
- [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movement
- [2] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chipko-movement