The Chipko Movement was a significant environmental movement that took place in the early 1970s in India. The movement aimed to protect forests and prevent deforestation caused by commercial logging activities. The correct options are 1 and 3.

Option 1 is correct because the Chipko Movement did indeed take place in the early 1970s and was primarily a response to the introduction of commercial forestry, which threatened the livelihoods and habitats of local communities.

Option 2 is incorrect. The Chipko Movement was not just a single movement but rather a collective of several movements that occurred across different regions in India. It involved a diverse range of people, including villagers, activists, and women, who all came together to protect their forests.

Option 3 is correct. The Chipko Movement did not initially start as a conservation movement but rather as an economic struggle rooted in rural and peasant protests. The local communities were concerned about the loss of their traditional rights and access to resources due to commercial logging activities.

In conclusion, the correct options are 1 and 3.