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Q5 (IAS/2019) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Early national politics Official Key

With reference to Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements : 1. It contributed to the revival of the indigenous artisan crafts and industries. 2. The National Council of Education was established as a part of Swadeshi Movement. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is option C because both statements are correct.

**Statement 1 is correct:** The Swadeshi movement gave a great deal of encouragement to Indian industries. Many textile mills, soap and match factories, handloom weaving concerns, national banks, and insurance companies were opened.[1] Acharya P.C. Ray organized his famous Bengal Chemical Swadeshi Stores.[1] This clearly demonstrates the revival of indigenous artisan crafts and industries during the movement.

**Statement 2 is correct:** On August 15, 1906, the National Council of Education was set up to organise a system of education literary, scientific and technical—on national lines and under national control.[2] This was established as part of the Swadeshi Movement's programme of national education. On 5 November 1905, at the initiative of the Dawn Society, the National Council of Education was formed.[3]

Both statements are historically accurate and well-documented aspects of the Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908), making option C the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 14: Nationalist Movement 1905—1918 > The Swadeshi and Bovcott > p. 242
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > Programme of Swadeshi or National Education > p. 266
  3. [3] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > Evolution of the idea of Swadeshi > p. 20
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. With reference to Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements : 1. It contributed to the revival of the indigenous artisan craf…
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10

This is a textbook 'reward for reading the basics' question. Both statements are verbatim from standard sources like Spectrum (Rajiv Ahir) or Old NCERT (Bipin Chandra). It tests the 'Constructive Programme' (Atmashakti) phase rather than just the political protest. If you missed this, your static revision is weak.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did the Swadeshi Movement (Indian nationalist movement beginning around 1905) contribute to the revival of indigenous artisan crafts and industries in India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 14: Nationalist Movement 1905—1918 > The Swadeshi and Bovcott > p. 242
Presence: 5/5
“Priests would often decline to officiate at ceremonies where foreign articles were offered as oblations to the gods. Guests would refuse to participate in festivities where foreign salt or foreign sugar was used. The Swadeshi movement gave a great deal of encouragement to Indian industries. Many textile mills, soap and match factories, handloom weaving concerns, national banks, and insurance companies were opened. Acharya P.C. Ray organized his famous Bengal Chemical Swadeshi Stores. Even the great poet Rabindranath Tagore helped to open a Swadeshi store. The Swadeshi movement had several consequences in the realm of culture. There was a flowering of nationalist poetry, prose and journalism.”
Why this source?
  • Directly asserts the Swadeshi movement gave strong encouragement to Indian industries.
  • Specifically lists textile mills, handloom weaving concerns, soap and match factories, national banks and insurance companies being opened.
  • Mentions Bengal Chemical Swadeshi Stores and involvement of public figures in opening Swadeshi stores, showing institutional and popular support.
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 3: Impact of World War I on Indian Freedom Movement > 3.7 Rise of Labour Movement > p. 38
Presence: 5/5
“Introduction of machinery, new methods of production, concentration of factories in certain big cities gave birth to a new class of wage earners called factory workers. In India, the N.M. Lokhanday Factory workers, mostly drawn from villages, initially remained submissive and unorganised. Many leaders like Sorabjee Shapoorji and N.M. Lokhanday of Bombay and Sasipada Banerjee of Bengal raised their voice for protecting the interests of the industrial labourers. In the aftermath of Swadeshi Movement (1905), Indian industries began to thrive. During the War, the British encouraged Indian industries which manufactured war-time goods. As the war progressed, they wanted more goods so more workers were recruited.”
Why this source?
  • States that in the aftermath of the Swadeshi Movement (1905), Indian industries began to thrive.
  • Links this industrial growth to increased demand and recruitment of workers, indicating measurable industrial revival.
Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 12: Growth of New India—The Nationalist Movement 1858—1905 > Economic Reforms > p. 210
Presence: 4/5
“removal of India's poverty was the rapid development of modern industries. They wanted the government to promote modern industries through tariff protection and direct government aid. They popularized the idea of swadeshi or the use of Indian goods and the boycott of British goods as a means of promoting Indian industries. For example, students in Poona and in other towns of Maharashtra publicly burnt foreign clothes in 1896 as part of the larger swadeshi campaign. The nationalists complained that India's wealth was being drained to England, and demanded that this drain be stopped. They carried on persistent agitation for the reduction of land revenue in order to lighten the burden of taxation on the peasant.”
Why this source?
  • Explains that nationalists popularised swadeshi (use of Indian goods and boycott of British goods) as a means to promote Indian industries.
  • Gives examples of popular actions (e.g., burning foreign clothes) that mobilised public support for indigenous production.
Statement 2
Was the National Council of Education established as part of the Swadeshi Movement in India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > Programme of Swadeshi or National Education > p. 266
Presence: 5/5
“Bengal National College, inspired by Tagore's Shantiniketan, was set up with Aurobindo Ghosh as its principal. Soon national schools and colleges sprang up in various parts of the country. On August 15, 1906, the National Council of Education was set up to organise a system of education literary, scientific and technical—on national lines and under national control. Education was to be imparted through the vernacular medium. A Bengal Institute of Technology was set up for technical education and funds were raised to send students to Japan for advanced learning.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly records that the National Council of Education was set up (15 Aug 1906) to organise education 'on national lines' and under national control.
  • Places the Council in the context of the 'programme of Swadeshi or National Education' and related institutions (Bengal National College, Bengal Institute of Technology).
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > Evolution of the idea of Swadeshi > p. 20
Presence: 4/5
“For Gandhi, Swadeshi did not merely mean the use of what is produced in one's own country. Gandhi defined Swadeshi in following words "Swadeshi is that spirit in us which restricts us to the use and service of our immediate surroundings to the exclusion of more remote". The idea of education in vernacular language made its appearance much before the swadeshi movement with the foundation of Dawn Society by Satish Chandra Mukherjee in 1902. On 5 November 1905, at the initiative of the Dawn Society, the National Council of Education was formed. In August 1906, Bengal National College and a School were founded.”
Why this source?
  • Gives a formation date (5 Nov 1905) for the National Council of Education and links it to the Dawn Society's initiative.
  • Places the Council's formation within the early Swadeshi period and connects it to the idea of vernacular/national education.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement > p. 280
Presence: 4/5
“Methods included boycott of foreign cloth and other goods, public meetings and processions, forming corps of volunteers or samitis, use of traditional popular festivals and melas for propaganda, emphasis on self-reliance or atma shakti, launching programme of swadeshi or national education, swadeshi or indigenous enterprises, initiating new trends in Indian painting, songs, poetry, pioneering research in science and later calling for boycott of schools, colleges, councils, government service, etc. • * Extremists took over because of the failure of the Moderates to achieve positive results, divisive tactics of governments of both Bengals, severe government repression.• * Extent of mass participation—students, women, certain sections of zamindari, labour, some lower middle and middle classes in towns and cities participated for the first time while the Muslims generally kept away.• * Annulment of Partition mainly to curb the 'menace' of revolutionary terrorism.• * Why Swadeshi Movement fizzled out by 1908 Severe government repression.”
Why this source?
  • Lists 'launching programme of swadeshi or national education' among core methods of the Swadeshi movement.
  • Connects national education initiatives with other Swadeshi tactics (boycott, indigenous enterprises), supporting the Council's role as part of that programme.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC consistently asks about the 'institutional debris' left behind by major movements. Don't just memorize the protest dates; memorize the colleges, factories, and societies established during the fervor.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Absolute Sitter. Directly lifted from the 'Swadeshi and Boycott' chapter in Spectrum (Page 266/280) and Old NCERT (Page 242).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The 'Constructive Swadeshi' (Atmashakti) theme—moving beyond political boycott to building indigenous alternatives in education and industry.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the institutional legacy: 1) Bengal Chemical Swadeshi Stores (Acharya P.C. Ray), 2) Dawn Society (Satish Chandra Mukherjee, 1902 - precursor to NCE), 3) Bengal National College (Aurobindo Ghosh as Principal), 4) Indian Society of Oriental Art (Abanindranath Tagore, 1907), 5) Bengal Technical Institute (1906).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When studying movements, categorize impacts into three buckets: Political (Partition annulment), Economic (Indigenous mills/banks), and Cultural/Educational (NCE, Art). UPSC loves asking about the 'Institutional Building' phase of movements.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Swadeshi as an economic strategy to promote indigenous industry
💡 The insight

Swadeshi promoted use of Indian goods and directly encouraged the establishment of mills, factories and Swadeshi stores.

High-yield for questions on economic nationalism and colonial-era industrial policy; connects political movements to industrial revival and debates on deindustrialisation. Mastery helps explain causes and mechanisms behind indigenous industrial growth.

📚 Reading List :
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 14: Nationalist Movement 1905—1918 > The Swadeshi and Bovcott > p. 242
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 12: Growth of New India—The Nationalist Movement 1858—1905 > Economic Reforms > p. 210
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Swadeshi Movement (Indian nationalist movement beginning around 1905) co..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Constructive programme: boycott plus institution-building
💡 The insight

The Swadeshi campaign combined boycott of foreign goods with creation of indigenous institutions (banks, stores, schools) to foster self-reliance.

Useful for essays and mains answers on methods of nationalist movements and socio-economic mobilisation; links to later Gandhian swadeshi and to topics on organisational forms of resistance.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > Introduction > p. 16
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > 2.3 Boycott and Swadeshi Movements in Bengal (1905–1911) > p. 19
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Swadeshi Movement (Indian nationalist movement beginning around 1905) co..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Revival of handloom and small-scale industries
💡 The insight

The movement led to specific growth in handloom weaving concerns and small factories, indicating a grassroots industrial revival.

Important for questions on rural economy, craft revival and labour history; connects to labour mobilisation, protection of cottage industries, and post-1905 industrial trends.

📚 Reading List :
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 14: Nationalist Movement 1905—1918 > The Swadeshi and Bovcott > p. 242
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 3: Impact of World War I on Indian Freedom Movement > 3.7 Rise of Labour Movement > p. 38
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Swadeshi Movement (Indian nationalist movement beginning around 1905) co..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Swadeshi or National Education
💡 The insight

National education was a central constructive programme of the Swadeshi Movement and included setting up institutions on 'national lines'.

High-yield for UPSC because questions often ask about Swadeshi movement tactics beyond boycott (e.g., education, indigenous industries). Understanding this concept links political mobilization to cultural-educational strategies and helps answer cause–effect and institutional origin questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement > p. 280
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > Programme of Swadeshi or National Education > p. 266
🔗 Anchor: "Was the National Council of Education established as part of the Swadeshi Moveme..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 National Council of Education (origin and purpose)
💡 The insight

The Council was established during the Swadeshi period to promote vernacular, technical and national-controlled education.

Important for institutional-history questions: knowing formation dates, founders/initiatives (Dawn Society), and aims (national lines, vernacular medium, technical training) helps in both prelims fact-based and mains analytical answers about nationalist institutions.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > Evolution of the idea of Swadeshi > p. 20
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > Programme of Swadeshi or National Education > p. 266
🔗 Anchor: "Was the National Council of Education established as part of the Swadeshi Moveme..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Dawn Society's role in nationalist education
💡 The insight

The Dawn Society initiated the formation of the National Council of Education and promoted vernacular education before and during Swadeshi.

Useful for questions on intellectual and organisational precursors to mass movements; links to themes of cultural nationalism and educational reform that UPSC tests in both history and polity contexts.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > Evolution of the idea of Swadeshi > p. 20
🔗 Anchor: "Was the National Council of Education established as part of the Swadeshi Moveme..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The Bengal Technical Institute (founded 1906) was the technical wing established alongside the NCE. It later evolved into the present-day Jadavpur University. Also, the 'Dawn Society' (1902) by Satish Chandra Mukherjee was the direct intellectual incubator for the National Council of Education.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Apply the 'Benevolent Nationalism' heuristic. Statement 1 uses the phrase 'contributed to the revival'—this is a soft, positive claim about a nationalist movement. Historically, the *aim* of Swadeshi was exactly this. Unless there is a specific historical disaster associated with it, such 'contribution' statements regarding freedom struggles are almost always Correct.

🔗 Mains Connection

Connect this to GS-3 (Economy) and Essay topics on 'Atmanirbhar Bharat'. The Swadeshi Movement (1905) was India's first experiment with Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) and self-reliance, serving as the historical precedent for modern 'Make in India' initiatives.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2002 · Q102 Relevance score: 3.12

With reference to the period of extremist nationalist movement in India with its spirit of Swadeshi, which one of the following statements is not correct ?

CDS-II · 2013 · Q104 Relevance score: 2.99

Which one among the following statements about the Swadeshi and Revolutionary movements in Bengal is not correct ?

IAS · 2023 · Q83 Relevance score: 2.42

Consider the following statements : Statement-I : 7th August is declared as the National Handloom Day. Statement-II : It was in 1905 that the Swadeshi Movement was launched on the same day. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

IAS · 2015 · Q68 Relevance score: 0.02

Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of 'moderates' and 'extremists'?