Which one of the following concerns has found a place in both Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy?

The protection and improvement of the environment, forests, and wildlife is a concern shared by both the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and the Fundamental Duties. Article 48A, under the DPSP, mandates that the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife [1]. Correspondingly, Article 51A(g) establishes it as a Fundamental Duty for every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife . While other options like safeguarding public property [3] and preserving composite culture [3] are Fundamental Duties, they do not have a direct, explicitly worded counterpart in the DPSP. Similarly, the promotion of cooperative societies (Article 43B) is a DPSP but not a Fundamental Duty. Both provisions regarding the environment were notably strengthened by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 .

Sources

1. [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 35: TABLES > DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY > p. 529
2. [3] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > 15.1.1. Constitutional Frovisions > p. 211