In which one of the following countries is the ethnic conflict between Hutus and Tutsis lead to a great violence in recent times?

The ethnic conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi communities led to a catastrophic genocide in Rwanda in 1994. Historically, the Tutsi minority dominated the country, but the Hutu majority took power after independence in 1962 [t1][t2]. Tensions escalated into a full-scale civil war in 1990 when the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) invaded from Uganda [t2][t7]. The violence peaked following the assassination of President Juvénal Habyarimana in April 1994, after which Hutu extremists orchestrated the slaughter of approximately 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus within just 100 days [c1][t2][t4]. While other countries listed faced conflicts—such as the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) involving the Igbo [t6] and the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002) [t8]—the specific Hutu-Tutsi ethnic dynamic is the defining characteristic of the Rwandan tragedy [c5][t5].

Sources

1. [1] Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Security in the Contemporary World 75 > p. 75
2. [2] Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > New Sources of Threats > p. 73
3. [3] https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/historical-background.shtml
4. [4] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506
5. [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide