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Which one of the following countries has been suffering from decades of civil strife and food shortages and was in news in the recent past for its very severe famine?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 4 (Somalia). This selection is accurate based on the country's protracted history of instability and recent humanitarian crises.
- Decades of Civil Strife: Somalia has lacked a stable central government since the collapse of the Siad Barre regime in 1991, leading to prolonged conflict involving warlords, clans, and extremist groups like Al-Shabaab.
- Severe Famine: The Horn of Africa region, particularly Somalia, faced a catastrophic famine in 2011 and near-famine conditions in 2017 and 2022-23 due to the worst drought in forty years, exacerbated by global supply chain disruptions.
- Comparison: While Angola had a long civil war, it has been relatively stable since 2002. Costa Rica and Ecuador are in Latin America; Costa Rica is notably peaceful with no military, and while Ecuador faces recent unrest, it has not experienced decades of civil war or severe famine like Somalia.
Therefore, Somalia’s combination of persistent conflict and recurring acute food insecurity makes it the most fitting answer.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a 'Headline to History' question. While triggered by the 2023 Horn of Africa drought news, the answer relies on the country's static reputation (Somalia = Civil War + Famine). If you track 'Conflict Zones' in your map work, this is a sitter; otherwise, it requires specific current affairs recall.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Has Angola experienced decades of civil strife and food shortages and been in the news in 2023 for a very severe famine?
- Statement 2: Has Costa Rica experienced decades of civil strife and food shortages and been in the news in 2023 for a very severe famine?
- Statement 3: Has Ecuador experienced decades of civil strife and food shortages and been in the news in 2023 for a very severe famine?
- Statement 4: Has Somalia experienced decades of civil strife and food shortages and been in the news in 2023 for a very severe famine?
Says the worst-affected areas of famine lie in Africa and lists regions/countries where famine is frequent, establishing Africa as a continent with recurrent severe food crises.
A student could note that Angola is an African country (from a map) and therefore plausibly vulnerable, then check country-specific histories and 2023 news for confirmation.
States famine causation is often linked to war and that famines can occur even without production declines, highlighting a pattern where conflict produces severe food shortages.
Since the statement mentions decades of civil strife, a student could combine this rule with independent knowledge that prolonged conflict can create famine-like conditions and then look up Angola's conflict history and 2023 reports.
Notes that many African countries suffer acute food shortages and high undernourishment, giving an example list that frames Africa-wide vulnerability to famine.
Use this general pattern plus a world map to treat Angola as among many vulnerable African states and then consult specific humanitarian data or news for Angola in 2023.
Provides a working definition of famine as widespread starvation and deaths caused by prolonged shortage of food, clarifying what 'very severe famine' would mean.
A student could apply this definition to 2023 reports about Angola to judge whether reported conditions meet the threshold of a 'very severe famine'.
Explains that natural calamities and pandemics can lead to food shortages and famine-like conditions, showing multiple pathways (not only war) to severe food crises.
Combine this with knowledge of recent global shocks (e.g., pandemic, climate events) to consider alternative or compounding causes for any 2023 food emergency in Angola and then check reporting for causes.
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