Which one of the following countries has recently carried out military operations in Georgia

Russia carried out significant military operations in Georgia during the August 2008 conflict. The war began following tensions in the breakaway region of South Ossetia, where Georgia launched a military offensive to restore constitutional order [t2]. Russia responded by attacking Georgian military forces, claiming a right to defend ethnic Russians and its peacekeepers [t1][t8]. The Russian military response was swift and overwhelming, with its forces penetrating deep into sovereign Georgian territory beyond the immediate conflict zones of South Ossetia and Abkhazia [t3][t4]. Russia characterized its intervention as a 'peacekeeping operation to enforce peace' [t2]. Following the conflict, Russia further enhanced its military presence in the region by establishing permanent bases in the breakaway territories, which significantly impacted Georgia's territorial integrity and regional security dynamics [t5][t9].

Sources

1. [1] https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/georgiarussia-independent-international-fact-finding-mission-conflict-south-ossetia
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reaction_to_the_Russo-Georgian_War