Which one of the following does not control climate ?

Climate is primarily controlled by factors that influence temperature and precipitation patterns. Latitude is a major control because the curvature of the Earth causes solar energy to vary, with temperatures generally decreasing from the equator to the poles [4]. Altitude significantly impacts climate as the atmosphere becomes less dense and temperatures drop with increasing height [3]. Natural vegetation, including forest cover, influences climate by acting as carbon sinks, regulating greenhouse gases, and affecting local evaporation and ambient temperatures [6]. In contrast, longitude is a coordinate used to determine time and position east or west of the Prime Meridian; it does not inherently determine climatic conditions like temperature or pressure [4]. While some models use longitude as a geographical predictor for data organization, it is not a physical control of the climate system [2].

Sources

1. [3] CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: Climate > CLIMATIC CONTROLS > p. 27
2. [4] INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate > FACTORS DETERMINING THE CLIMATE OF INDIA > p. 29
3. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 1: Ecology > g) Latitude and altitude > p. 6
4. [2] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 14: Climate > Elements of Climate and Factors Affecting Them > p. 131
5. [6] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/all-about-climate/