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Which one of the following forms of Constitutions contains the features of both the Unitary and Federal Constitution?
Explanation
A Quasi-Federal constitution is a form of government that integrates features of both unitary and federal systems. In a federal system, power is divided between the central government and constituent units, characterized by a written constitution, dual government, and an independent judiciary [4]. Conversely, a unitary system concentrates power in a single central authority [4]. The Indian Constitution is frequently described as 'quasi-federal' because it possesses essential federal features like the division of powers, yet incorporates strong unitary elements such as a single citizenship, integrated judiciary, and emergency provisions that allow the Union to transform into a unitary state [2]. Scholars like K.C. Wheare characterized this unique combination as 'quasi-federal,' describing it as a system with a strong centralizing tendency where the federation is not the result of an agreement between states [3].
Sources
- [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > 4. Federal System with Unitary Bias > p. 29
- [4] https://www.shivajicollege.ac.in/sPanel/uploads/econtent/100863cb824066de18226c356c984bc0.pdf
- [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 4: OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION > 42nd Amendment, 1976. > p. 49
- [3] https://www.thehindu.com/specials/text-and-context/quasi-federalism/article65375428.ece