Option 1: This statement is correct. The WADA code serves as the core document that establishes the framework for harmonized anti-doping policies, rules, and regulations across sport organizations and public authorities. It aims to ensure fair and clean competition in sports.

Option 2: This statement is correct. The WADA code officially came into force on January 1, 2004. It was established to replace the previous International Olympic Committee (IOC) anti-doping rules.

Option 3: This statement is incorrect. The use of prohibited substances by athletes for medical reasons is possible under the WADA code. However, athletes need to apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) to obtain permission to use these substances when there is a legitimate medical need.

Option 4: This statement is correct. The WADA code allows for sanctions to be applied even in cases where there is evidence of an anti-doping rule violation but no positive doping test. This is known as a non-analytical anti-doping rule violation and can occur when there is evidence of doping through other means, such as witness testimony or documentary evidence.

Alert - correct answer should be: Option 3 is incorrect. The use of prohibited substances by athletes for medical reasons is possible under