Which part of brain controls fine movement, maintains balance and equilibrium of the body and muscle tone in a human being?

The cerebellum, a vital part of the hind-brain, is the primary center for motor coordination in humans. It is specifically responsible for the precision of voluntary actions, such as picking up a pencil or riding a bicycle [1]. Its functional role includes maintaining the posture, balance, and equilibrium of the body [4]. While the cerebrum initiates voluntary movement, the cerebellum ensures these movements are smooth and fine-tuned. It also regulates muscle tone to support physical stability. In contrast, the thalamus acts as a sensory relay station, the hypothalamus regulates homeostatic functions like hormone release and metabolism , and the cerebrum handles higher cognitive functions and complex thinking [3]. Therefore, the cerebellum is the specific region that controls fine movement and maintains equilibrium.

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Control and Coordination > 6.1.2 Human Brain > p. 104
2. [4] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Control and Coordination > Do You Know? > p. 110
3. [3] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Control and Coordination > QUESTIONS > p. 105