Who among the following Indian rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines ?

Tipu Sultan established organized, state-level diplomatic missions abroad: he sent an embassy to Constantinople and another to Paris in 1787 as part of efforts to secure allies against the British [1]. He continued this outreach, dispatching emissaries to Paris again in 1796 and receiving a French emissary in 1797, while cultivating ties with French interests such as Mauritius [2]. Earlier exploratory and large missions to the Ottoman Sublime Porte — notably a 1785 mission led by Ghulam Ali Khan involving some 900 people — demonstrate an institutionalized, reciprocal envoy system comparable to embassies on modern lines [3]. These sustained, formal exchanges distinguish Tipu from the other rulers listed.

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 18: Early Resistance to British Rule > Third Mysore War (1790-92) > p. 281
2. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 18: Early Resistance to British Rule > Fourth Mysore War (1799) > p. 282
3. [3] https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijhcs/v4-i1/1.pdf