Who of the following rulers of medieval India gave permission to the Portuguese to build a fort at Bhatkal ?

Gives Saluva Narasimha's dates: he usurped the throne around 1485 and died in 1491, defining his period of power.

A student can compare these dates with the known timeline of Portuguese arrivals (post-1498) to judge whether Saluva could have granted permission.

States that Portuguese helped Krishnadevaraya militarily and 'got permission to build a fort at Bhat', linking the fort-permission to Krishnadevaraya's period.

Combine this with Krishnadevaraya's reign (1509–29) to infer the permission likely came under him, not an earlier Saluva ruler.

Reports that Albuquerque captured Bhatkal from Sri Krishna Deva Raya (1510), indicating Portuguese activity at Bhatkal occurred during Krishna Deva Raya's era.

Use the 1510 capture date to place Portuguese control/fortification at Bhatkal squarely after Saluva Narasimha's death, making it unlikely Saluva granted the permission.

Gives an explicit example where the Portuguese, after providing military aid, 'got permission to build a fort at Bhat' from a regional ruler (Krishnadevaraya).

A student could check whether Muhammad Shah III was the regional authority over Bhatkal at the relevant time or whether another ruler (e.g., Krishnadevaraya) controlled Bhatkal then.

States that Albuquerque 'captured Bhatkal from Sri Krishna Deva Rai (1510) of Vijayanagara', showing Portuguese fort/possession at Bhatkal involved action with Vijayanagara rulers rather than a Deccan sultan.

Compare dates of Albuquerque's capture (c.1510) with Muhammad Shah III's reign to see if Muhammad Shah III could have authorised anything at that time.

Shows a pattern where local rulers ceded territory or granted bases to the Portuguese in return for help (e.g., Bahadur Shah ceding Bassein and promising a base in Diu).

Use this pattern to investigate whether Muhammad Shah III had cause or precedent to grant a fort to the Portuguese (e.g., sought Portuguese help) and whether such negotiations overlapped his rule.

Describes the Portuguese policy of occupying ports and building forts (Bassein, Diu, Colombo, Daman) to consolidate trade and control the coast.

A student could use this general policy plus a map of Portuguese activity to see if Bhatkal fits the geographic pattern where they sought forts and whether local authority at Bhatkal would likely have been approached.

Notes that conquest of Goa (1510) made it the Portuguese headquarters and that they used forts on the west coast to control shipping—implying systematic efforts to secure coastal strongpoints like Bhatkal.

Combine the timing/location of Goa's capture with the chronology of regional rulers (including Muhammad Shah III) to assess who could have been asked for permission at Bhatkal.

States that the Portuguese, after helping Krishnadevaraya, 'got permission to build a fort at Bhat' — an example where a local ruler granted the Portuguese a fort-site.

A student could check whether 'Bhat' refers to Bhatkal and whether that permission came from Vijayanagara (Krishnadevaraya) rather than from Yusuf Adil Shah.

Says Albuquerque 'captured Bhatkal from Sri Krishna Deva Rai (1510)' — an example of the Portuguese taking a fort by conquest from a Vijayanagara ruler.

One could combine this with a map/timeline to see that control of Bhatkal involved Vijayanagara and Albuquerque, implying Yusuf Adil Shah may not have been the grantor.

Notes Albuquerque defeated Yusuf Adil Khan (ruler of Bijapur) in 1510 and captured Goa — showing Yusuf Adil Shah was an adversary of Albuquerque, not necessarily an ally granting fort rights.

Use this pattern of conflict to weigh the likelihood that Yusuf would have granted the Portuguese permission at Bhatkal versus losing territory to them by force.

Lists Portuguese policy of building forts at specific coastal sites (Anjadiva, Cochin, Cannanore, Kilwa) as an established Portuguese practice of fort construction.

A student could compare that pattern with local political control of Bhatkal to see which regional power the Portuguese needed permission from or whether they resorted to conquest.

Gives an example (Bahadur Shah ceding Bassein and promising Diu) of a ruler granting the Portuguese territorial rights — showing both models (cession/permission) existed.

Apply this rule: verify which local ruler controlled Bhatkal at the relevant time (Vijayanagara, Bijapur, or Gujarat) to determine who could have granted permission.