Who propounded the Saptanga Theory ?

The Saptanga Theory, or the 'Seven Limbs of the State,' was propounded by Kautilya (also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta) in his seminal work, the Arthashastra [t1][t4]. This theory provides a comprehensive organic conception of the state, comparing it to a human body with seven vital organs or elements. These seven limbs are: Swami (the King), Amatya (the Ministers), Janapada (the Territory and Population), Durga (the Fortified Capital), Kosha (the Treasury), Danda (the Army/Justice), and Mitra (the Ally) [t1][t2]. Kautilya's political thought emphasizes that the strength and stability of a kingdom depend on the proper functioning and coordination of these seven components. While other ancient texts like the Manusmriti also mention similar elements, the systematic formulation and detailed administrative application of the Saptanga theory are most prominently attributed to Kautilya's Arthashastra [t1][t4].

Sources

1. [1] https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/paper-10-N.pdf
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthashastra